Reference number: B003
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | 5-HT |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B004
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Opioid & opioid-like receptors |
Control Compound: | Mephedrone |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with mephedrone as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B007
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Angiotensin receptor |
Control Compound: | Angiotensin II |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary artries with angiotensin II as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B008
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Vasopressin & oxytocin receptors |
Control Compound: | 8-arginine vasopressin |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 8-arginine vasopressin as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium.
Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B009
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Chorionic Plate Arteries (Pre-Eclamptic) |
Target: | PDE5 |
Control Compound: | Sildenafil |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human placenta vessels with sildenafil as a reference compound.
Chorionic plate arteries supply blood and nutrients to the growing foetus making them essential for healthy development. Any disruption to blood flow can cause adverse effects to the foetus.
Reference number: B010
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Chorionic Plate Arteries (Healthy) |
Target: | Bradykinin receptor |
Control Compound: | Bradykinin |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human chorionic plate arteries with bradykinin as a reference compound.
Chorionic plate arteries supply blood and nutrients to the growing foetus making them essential for healthy development. Any disruption to blood flow can cause adverse effects to the foetus.
Reference number: B011
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Chorionic Plate Arteries (Pre-Eclamptic) |
Target: | PDE5 |
Control Compound: | Sildenafil |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in pre-eclamptic human chorionic plate arteries with sildenafil as a reference compound.
Chorionic plate arteries supply blood and nutrients to the growing foetus making them essential for healthy development. Any disruption to blood flow can cause adverse effects to the foetus. Pre-eclampsia is characterised by reduced maternal-foetal blood flow, causing potential health risks to both mother and foetus.
Reference number: B012
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Chorionic Plate Arteries (Pre-Eclamptic) |
Target: | Bradykinin receptor |
Control Compound: | Bradykinin |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in pre-eclamptic human placenta vessels with bradykinin as a reference compound.
Chorionic plate arteries supply blood and nutrients to the growing foetus making them essential for healthy development. Any disruption to blood flow can cause adverse effects to the foetus. Pre-eclampsia is characterised by reduced maternal-foetal blood flow, causing potential health risks to both mother and foetus.
Reference number: B016
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Acetylcholine |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human subcutaneous resistance arteries with acetycholine (ACh) as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B017
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Vasopressin & oxytocin receptors |
Control Compound: | Desmopressin |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B019
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Nitric oxide donor |
Control Compound: | SNP |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B020
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Phenylephrine |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human subcutaneous resistance arteries with phenylephrine as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B021
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Prostanoid receptor |
Control Compound: | U46619 |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human subcutaneous resistance arteries with U46619 as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B022
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Ischaemic) |
Target: | Bradykinin receptor |
Control Compound: | Bradykinin |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in ischaemic human subcutaneous resistance arteries with bradykinin as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ-specific blood flow throughout the body and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. Ischaemia is a period of time with restricted blood flow, which can potentially lead to irreversible tissue. Ischeamia can be caused by a variety of disorders such as atherosclerosis, tachycardia or hypotension. Biopta can source arteries from tissues that have been exposed to these conditions.
Reference number: B023
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Saphenous Vein (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | Sumatriptan |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human saphenous vein with sumatriptan as a reference compound.
The venous system is involved in returning blood back to the heart from tissues. The venous system can contain up to 70% of blood in the circulation. This reservoir of blood allows veins to adjust the volume of blood returning to the heart at any one time, therefore altering cardiac output.
Reference number: B028
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | Sumatriptan |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assess whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with sumatriptan as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B030
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Coronary Artery (Healthy – Denuded) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | 5-HT |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in denuded human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B034
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | PDE3 |
Control Compound: | Milrinone |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human resistance arteries with milrinone as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B035
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Bradykinin receptor |
Control Compound: | Bradykinin |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human resistance arteries with bradykinin as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B036
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4 receptors |
Control Compound: | Thrombin |
Study Type: | Perfusion myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vascular permeability |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause an increase in vascular permeability in human subcutaneous resistance arteries with thrombin as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ-specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B037
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Resistance Artery (Atherosclerotic) |
Target: | Angiotensin receptor |
Control Compound: | PDA-angiotensin 1 |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human subcutaneous resistance arteries with PDA-angiotensin 1 as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ-specific blood flow throughout the body and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. Atherosclerosis is the formation of fatty lesions or fibrous plaques in the smooth muscle of arteries. This causes a narrowing of the vessels, an increase in blood pressure and an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.
Reference number: B038
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Ischaemic) |
Target: | Nitric oxide donor |
Control Compound: | SNP |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in ischaemic human subcutaneous resistance arteries with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ-specific blood flow throughout the body and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. Ischaemia is a period of time with restricted blood flow, which can potentially lead to irreversible tissue. Ischeamia can be caused by a variety of disorders such as atherosclerosis, tachycardia or hypotension. Biopta can source arteries from tissues that have been exposed to these conditions.
Reference number: B039
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Skeletal Muscle Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Acetylcholine |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle arteries with acetylcholine as a reference compound.
The skeletal muscle vasculature is the largest vascular bed in the body, therefore changes in skeletal blood flow and pressure can directly affect peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B040
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Skeletal Muscle Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | Nitric oxide donor |
Control Compound: | SNP |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle arteries with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a reference compound.
Blood flow in skeletal muscle is directly affected by the level of activity of each muscle. Skeletal muscle arteries are involved in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure as skeletal muscle vasculature is the largest vascular bed in the body, therefore changes in skeletal blood flow and pressure can directly affect atrial pressure.
Reference number: B043
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Atrial Pectinate Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause a change in contractile force in electrically stimulated human atrial pectinate muscle with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
Additional analyses can be undertaken to report on the rate of both contraction (dF/dt) and relaxation (-dF/dt). Pectinate muscles are mainly located in the right atrium of the heart. The muscles function to allow the atria to dilate without increased wall stress and also allow an increase in the volume of the atria.
Reference number: B047
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Ventricular Trabeculae Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | 5-HT |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause an increase in contractile force in electrically stimulated human ventricular muscle with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Additional analyses can be undertaken to report on the rate of both contraction (dF/dt) and rate of relaxation (-dF/dt). Ventricular muscle functions to control the flow of blood into and out of the ventricles. The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs or to the rest of the body in the systemic circulation. Any alterations to ventricular contractility can affect cardiac output as well as the workload on the heart.
Reference number: B048
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Atrial Pectinate Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | 5-HT |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause an increase in contractile force in electrically stimulated human atrial muscle with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Additional analyses can be undertaken to report on the rate of both contraction (dF/dt) and rate of relaxation (-dF/dt). Ventricular muscle functions to control the flow of blood into and out of the ventricles. The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs or to the rest of the body in the systemic circulation. Any alterations to ventricular contractility can affect cardiac output as well as the workload on the heart.
Reference number: B049
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Atrial Pectinate Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Salbutamol |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B050
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Atrial Pectinate Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | PDE3 |
Control Compound: | Milrinone |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human coronary arteries with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Coronary arteries are the blood supply to the myocardium. Changes in blood flow and vascular tone can greatly affect cardiac function; even a brief reduction in coronary blood flow can induce dysfunction of the heart.
Reference number: B052
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in healthy human airways with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B053
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Asthmatic) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Carbachol |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchoconstriction |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchoconstriction in asthmatic human airways with carbachol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Asthma involves both large and small airways and is characterised by inflammation, predominantly mediated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, in the airways and reversible smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm).
Reference number: B054
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Asthmatic) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Salbutamol |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in asthmatic human airways with salbutamol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Asthma involves both large and small airways and is characterised by inflammation, predominantly mediated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, in the airways and reversible smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm).
Reference number: B055
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Prostanoid receptor |
Control Compound: | U46619 |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchoconstriction |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchoconstriction in healthy human airways with U46619 as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B056
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Salbutamol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in healthy human airways with salbutamol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B057
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Acetylcholine |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchoconstriction |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchoconstriction in healthy human airways with acetylcholine as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B058
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in healthy human airways with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B059
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (COPD) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in COPD human airways with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the term given to a collection of airway disorders including bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is generally caused by an obstruction to airflow caused by a narrowing of the airways. Over time, the damage to the airways such as scarring, increased mucus and loss of elasticity also contribute to the restricted airflow and increased workload for the respiratory muscles.
Reference number: B060
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Healthy – Denuded) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Carbachol |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchoconstriction |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchoconstriction in denuded human airways with carbachol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B061
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Healthy – Denuded) |
Target: | Histamine receptor |
Control Compound: | Histamine |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchoconstriction |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchoconstriction in denuded human airways with histamine as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B062
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Trachea (Mucosa) (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Ion channel function |
This assay asseses whether a test compound causes a change in short circuit current across healthy human tracheal mucosa with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B063
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Trachea (Mucosa) (Healthy) |
Target: | Sodium channels |
Control Compound: | Amiloride |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Ion channel function |
This assay asseses whether a test compound causes a change in short circuit current across healthy human tracheal mucosa with amiloride as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B065
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Formoterol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in human airways with formoterol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B066
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | |
Control Compound: | Salbutamol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in human airways with salbutamol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B067
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Asthmatic) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Formoterol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in asthmatic human airways with formoterol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Asthma involves both large and small airways and is characterised by inflammation, predominantly mediated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, in the airways and reversible smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm).
Reference number: B068
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Asthmatic) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Salbutamol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in asthmatic human airways with salbutamol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Asthma involves both large and small airways and is characterised by inflammation, predominantly mediated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, in the airways and reversible smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm).
Reference number: B069
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Tertiary Or Lower Airways (Asthmatic) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Salmeterol |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
This assay assesses whether test compounds cause bronchodilation in asthmatic human airways with salmeterol as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow. Asthma involves both large and small airways and is characterised by inflammation, predominantly mediated by lymphocytes and eosinophils, in the airways and reversible smooth muscle constriction (bronchospasm).
Reference number: B070
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Bladder (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoproterenol |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Relaxation |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause relaxation in isolated human bladder strips, with isoproterenol as a reference compound.
The primary function of the bladder is the storage of urine before micturition. The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle controls the emptying and filling of the bladder. Alterations to the anatomy of the bladder can affect filling and emptying, causing disorders such as incontinence and bladder hypertrophy.
Reference number: B071
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Ureter (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Relaxation |
This assay assesses whether test carticles cause relaxation in isolated human ureter, with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The ureter connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ureter has a smooth muscle layer which propels urine to the bladder, via peristalsis, a phenomenon that can be observed in vitro.
Reference number: B072
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Urethra (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Phenylephrine |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contraction |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause contraction in isolated human urethra, with phenylephrine as a reference compound.
The urethra is essential for the passage of urine and semen (males). Any changes to the urethra, such as prostate hypertrophy, can affect the passage of these substances.
Reference number: B078
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Uterus (Healthy) |
Target: | Vasopressin & oxytocin receptors |
Control Compound: | Oxytocin |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contraction |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause an increase in spontaneous activity in isolated human uterine tissue with oxytocin as a reference compound.
The uterus is one of the female reproductive organs. The main functions of the uterus are to provide a suitable site for an implanting blastocyst, to expand with the growing foetus and to contract strongly to expel the foetus. Alterations to the anatomy of the uterus may adversely affect its functionality.
Reference number: B079
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Uterus (Healthy) |
Target: | Vasopressin & oxytocin receptors |
Control Compound: | Vasopressin |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contraction |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause an increase in spontaneous activity in isolated human uterine tissue with vasopressin as a reference compound.
The uterus is one of the female reproductive organs. The main functions of the uterus are to provide a suitable site for an implanting blastocyst, to expand with the growing foetus and to contract strongly to expel the foetus. Alterations to the anatomy of the uterus may adversely affect its functionality.
Reference number: B081
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Uterus (Healthy) |
Target: | Nitric oxide donor |
Control Compound: | SNP |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Relaxation |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause a reduction in spontaneous activity in isolated human uterine tissue, with sodium nitroprusside as a reference compound.
The uterus is one of the female reproductive organs. The main functions of the uterus are to provide a suitable site for an implanting blastocyst, to expand with the growing foetus and to contract strongly to expel the foetus. Alterations to the anatomy of the uterus may adversely affect its functionality.
Reference number: B082
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Uterus (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Relaxation |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause a reduction in spontaneous activity in isolated human uterine tissue, with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
The uterus is one of the female reproductive organs. The main functions of the uterus are to provide a suitable site for an implanting blastocyst, to expand with the growing foetus and to contract strongly to expel the foetus. Alterations to the anatomy of the uterus may adversely affect its functionality.
Reference number: B083
Assay type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Uterus (Healthy) |
Target: | Calcium channels |
Control Compound: | Isradipine |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Relaxation |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause a reduction in spontaneous activity in isolated human uterine tissue, with isradipine as a reference compound.
The uterus is one of the female reproductive organs. The main functions of the uterus are to provide a suitable site for an implanting blastocyst, to expand with the growing foetus and to contract strongly to expel the foetus. Alterations to the anatomy of the uterus may adversely affect its functionality.
Reference number: B086
Assay type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Stomach (Healthy) |
Target: | Acetylcholine esterase |
Control Compound: | Galantamine |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay asseses whether test articles cause a change in contractile force on electrically stimulated human stomach, with galantamine as a reference compound.
The large intestine (colon) is essential for the absorption of fluid and electrolytes and the production of solid faeces. Changes in the anatomy or function of the large intestine can lead to disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhoea and Ulcerative Colitis.
Reference number: B087
Assay type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Colon |
Target: | Opioid & opioid-like receptors |
Control Compound: | Meptazinol |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay asseses whether test articles cause a change in contractile force on electrically stimulated human colon circular smooth muscle, with meptazinol as a reference compound.
The large intestine (colon) is essential for the absorption of fluid and electrolytes and the production of solid faeces. Changes in the anatomy or function of the large intestine can lead to disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhoea and Ulcerative Colitis.
Reference number: B092
Assay type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Stomach (Healthy) |
Target: | Motilin receptor |
Control Compound: | Erythromycin |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay asseses whether test articles cause a change in contractile force in electrically stimulated human stomach, with erythromycin as a reference compound.
When a bolus of food enters the stomach; its contents and the distention of the gastric wall cause the secretion of various compounds, such as H+, pepsinogen, HCO3 and mucus. These secretions are essential for the initial digestion of proteins and the protection of the stomach mucosa. Movement of the stomach is essential for the mixing of the stomach contents with gastric juices and to move the partially digested food from the stomach into the intestines.
Reference number: B093
Assay type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa |
Target: | N/A |
Control Compound: | Multiple |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Permeability |
This assay assesses the permeability of test articles across healthy human gastrointestinal mucosa.
It is possible to assess permeability across multiple regions of the GI system. The intestines are essential for the digestion of food and the absorption of fluid and electrolytes. changes in the anatomy or function of the intestines can lead to disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohns, Ulcerative Colitis and diarrhoea.
Reference number: B094
Assay type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa (Healthy) |
Target: | Chloride channels |
Control Compound: | Cholera toxin |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Ion channel function |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause a change in short circuit current across healthy human gastrointestinal mucosa.
It is possible to assess ion channel function across multiple regions of the GI system. The intestines are essential for the digestion of foor and the absorption of fluid and electrolytes. Changes in the anatomy or function of the intestines can lead to disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohns, Ulcerative Colitis and diarrhoea.
Reference number: B095
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Ventricular Trabeculae Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | Adrenoceptor |
Control Compound: | Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause an increase in contractile force in electrically stimulated human ventricular trabeculae, with isoprenaline as a reference compound.
Additional analyses can be undertaken to report on the rate of both contraction (dF/dt) and rate of relaxation (-dF/dt). Ventricular muscle functions to control the flow of blood into and out of the ventricles. The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs or to the rest of the body in the systemic circulation. Any alterations to ventricular contractility can affect cardiac output as well as the workload on the heart.
Reference number: B096
Assay type: | Cardiac Muscle |
Tissue: | Human Ventricular Trabeculae Muscle (Healthy) |
Target: | Acetylcholine receptor |
Control Compound: | Acetylcholine |
Study Type: | EFS organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force |
This assay assesses whether test articles cause a decrease in contractile force in electrically stimulated human ventricular trabeculae, with acetylcholine as a reference compound.
Additional analyses can be undertaken to report on the rate of both contraction (dF/dt) and rate of relaxation (-dF/dt). Ventricular muscle functions to control the flow of blood into and out of the ventricles. The ventricles are responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs or to the rest of the body in the systemic circulation. Any alterations to ventricular contractility can affect cardiac output as well as the workload on the heart.
Reference number: B097
Assay type: | Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Subcutaneous Resistance Artery (Healthy) |
Target: | 5-HT receptor |
Control Compound: | 5-HT |
Study Type: | Wire Myography |
Functional Endpoint: | Vasoconstriction |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause vasoconstriction in human subcutaneous resistance arteries, with 5-HT as a reference compound.
Resistance arteries are involved in regulating organ specific blood flow and offer the greatest resistance to blood flowing into tissues. Resistance arteries therefore play an important role in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure.
Reference number: B098
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | VIP & PACAP |
Control Compound: | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause bronchodilatation in isolated healthy human secondary airways with Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B099
Assay type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Secondary Airways (Healthy) |
Target: | VIP & PACAP |
Control Compound: | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Bronchodilatation |
The experiment assesses whether test articles cause bronchoconstriction in isolated healthy human tertiary or lower airways, with Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) as a reference compound.
The airways of the respiratory tract offer resistance to the flow of air during inhalation and expiration. Any alterations to the airways (for example contractile state, increased mucus or inflammation of the airways) can affect airflow and gas exchange.
Reference number: B106
Tissue: | Human GI Mucosal Explants (IBD) |
Target: | p38 MAP Kinase |
Control Compound: | BIRB796 |
Study Type: | Ex vivo Cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
This experiment assesses whether test articles cause a reduction in TNF-alpha release with BIRBR796 as a reference compound.
Reference number: B107
Assay Type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Bladder (Healthy) |
Target: | Muscarinic receptors |
Control Compound: | Carbachol |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contraction |
Reference number: B108
Assay Type: | GU |
Tissue: | Human Bladder (Healthy) |
Target: | Muscarinic/ beta-adrenergic receptors/ ion channels |
Control Compound: | Carbachol/ isoproterenol/ retigabine |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Modulation of EFS-induced contractions |
Reference number: B109
Assay Type: | GI Tract |
Tissue: | Human Diseased (IBD) Gastrointestinal Mucosa |
Target: | N/A |
Control Compound: | Multiple |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Permeability |
Reference number: B110
Assay Type: | GU / Blood Vessels |
Tissue: | Human Pulmonary Artery (Healthy) / Human Pulmonary Artery (Healthy – Denuded) |
Target: | Muscarinic Receptors/ Angiotensin receptor/ Nitric oxide donor/ Endothelin receptor/ Prostacyclin receptor/ Prostaglandin EP2 receptor/ Prostaglandin EP4 receptor/ Beta adrenergic receptor |
Control Compound: | Acetylcholine/ Angiotensin II/ Sildenafil/ U46619/ Endothelin-1/ Iloprost/ Bosentan/ Wire Myography |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force/ Contraction/ Relaxation/ Vasoconstriction/ Vasodilatation |
Reference number: B111
Assay Type: | Human GI Mucosal Explants (IBD) |
Tissue: | Human Skin Biopsies (Healthy) |
Target: | TLR4/TLR2 Pathway/ Glucocorticoid receptors/ NLRP3 Inflammasome |
Control Compound: | Betnovate/ Nitric Oxide |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Cytokine release |
Reference number: B112
Assay Type: | Respiratory |
Tissue: | Human Precision Cut Lung Slice (PCLS) |
Target: | TLR4/TLR2 Pathway/ Glucocorticoid receptors/ NLRP3 Inflammasome |
Control Compound: | Fluticasone/ Roflumilast |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Cytokine release |
Reference number: B113
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Human Skin Biopsies (Healthy) |
Target: |
Glucocorticoid receptors/ Retinoid receptors/ Th17 Pathway |
Control Compound: | Retigabine/ Betnovate/ Calcipotriol/ ROR gamma antagonist GSK2981278/ Dovonex (topical calcipotriol)/ Dovobet (topical calcipotriol plus Betamethasone)/ Zorac/ Dermovate/ Phase1/Phase 2 metabolic enzymes |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Cytokine release/ Gene Expression |
Reference number: B114
Assay Type: | Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract |
Tissue: | Human Lower esophageal sphincter |
Target: | TGR5 receptor |
Control Compound: | Carbachol/ Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force/ Relaxation |
Reference number: B115
Assay Type: | Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract |
Tissue: | Human Lower esophageal sphincter |
Target: | TGR5 receptor |
Control Compound: | Carbachol/ Isoprenaline |
Study Type: | Organ bath |
Functional Endpoint: | Contractile force/Contraction |
Reference number: B116
Assay Type: | Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract |
Tissue: | Human Colon/ Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa (Healthy) |
Target: | Phase1/Phase 2 metabolic enzymes |
Control Compound: | Phase1/Phase 2 metabolic enzymes |
Study Type: | Ussing chamber |
Functional Endpoint: | Metabolism |
Reference number: B117
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Human Skin Biopsies (Healthy) |
Target: | Study Dependant |
Control Compound: | LPS |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
Reference number: B118
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Skin Disease Biopsies |
Target: | Study Dependant |
Control Compound: | Betamethasone |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
Reference number: B119
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Skin Disease Biopsies |
Target: | Study Dependant |
Control Compound: | Betamethasone |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
Reference number: B120
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Human Skin Biopsies (Healthy) |
Target: | Study Dependant |
Control Compound: | Betamethasone |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
Reference number: B121
Assay Type: | Skin |
Tissue: | Human Skin Biopsies (Healthy) |
Target: | TH2 Pathway |
Control Compound: | Betamethasone |
Study Type: | Ex vivo cultures |
Functional Endpoint: | Inflammation |
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